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A certain percentage of photosites measures only levels of red light, another percentage measures only green light and the rest of the photosites measure only blue light. Most camcorders get by with only one CCD by fitting permanent color filters to individual photosites. CCDs are expensive and eat lots of power, however, so using three of them adds considerably to the manufacturing costs of a camcorder. This simple method produces a rich, high-resolution picture. How the original (left) image is split in a beam splitter A camcorder that uses this method is often referred to as a three-chip camcorder. The camera then overlays these three images and the intensities of the different primary colors blend to produce a full-color image. Each of these images is captured by its own chip - the chips operate as described above, but each measures the intensity of only one color of light. In some high-end camcorders, a beam splitter separates a signal into three different versions of the same image - one showing the level of red light, one showing the level of green light and one showing the level of blue light. How the three colors mix to form many colors
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Since you can produce the full spectrum of colors by combining the three colors red, green and blue, a camcorder actually only needs to measure the levels of these three colors to be able to reproduce a full-color picture. To create a color image, a camcorder has to detect not only the total light levels, but also the levels of each color of light.
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Of course, measuring light intensity only gives us a black-and-white image. During playback, this information directs the intensity of a television's electron beam as it passes over the screen. Just as an artist sketches a scene by contrasting dark areas with light areas, a CCD creates a video picture by recording light intensity. This sensor, a charge-coupled device (CCD), measures light with a half-inch (about 1 cm) panel of 300,000 to 500,000 tiny light-sensitive diodes called photosites.Įach photosite measures the amount of light (photons) that hits a particular point, and translates this information into electrons (electrical charges): A brighter image is represented by a higher electrical charge, and a darker image is represented by a lower electrical charge. The lens in a camcorder also serves to focus light, but instead of focusing it onto film, it shines the light onto a small semiconductor image sensor. In this way, camera film records the scene in front of it: It picks up greater amounts of light from brighter parts of the scene, and lower amounts of light from darker parts of the scene. In a film camera, the lenses serve to focus the light from a scene onto film treated with chemicals that have a controlled reaction to light. Like a film camera, a camcorder "sees" the world through lenses.